Soil biology or Soil microbiology is a branch of soil science that focuses on the study of microorganisms in the soil and their interactions with the soil environment. Microorganisms play a crucial role in soil ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, disease suppression, and overall soil fertility. The soil microbiome is incredibly diverse and includes bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, nematodes, and various other microscopic organisms.